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NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterAnna Trindade FalcãoMultiwavelength astrophysicist · Black-hole winds · AGN feedback
Side-by-side observational composites of 2MASX J13003807+5454367 and FIRST J120041.4+314745, with Chandra X-rays in red, Hubble [O III] emission in green, and Hubble stellar continuum in blue.
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AAS 248 · Featured release

Watching a Black Hole Wind Grow

Chandra imaging spectroscopy and Hubble observations compare highly ionized X-ray-emitting gas with warm ionized gas in two luminous type 2 quasars.

Image: X-ray: NASA/CXC; optical: NASA/ESA/HST; image processing and composition: Anna Trindade Falcão.

The result

Two quasars, two proposed feedback contexts

Both quasars contain extended, photoionized soft X-ray emission. In FIRST J120041, it is spatially associated with [O III] regions having the highest measured velocities and line widths; those are [O III] measurements, and no velocity field was measured for the extended X-ray phase. Dynamical coupling remains interpretive, and the proposed feedback sequence is not an observed temporal progression.

The comparison

Earlier and later feedback states

The color composites separate the host-galaxy starlight, [O III] emission, soft X-rays, and the combined multiwavelength view.

2MASX J130038: blue shows Hubble galaxy starlight, green shows Hubble [O III] emission, and red shows Chandra soft X-ray emission.Chandra X-ray Observatory · Hubble Space Telescope
FIRST J120041: blue shows Hubble galaxy starlight, green shows Hubble [O III] emission, and red shows Chandra soft X-ray emission.Chandra X-ray Observatory · Hubble Space Telescope

How the images are built

Four channels reveal each feedback state

Separating the starlight, [O III] emission, and soft X-rays shows where the phases overlap and where they remain spatially distinct.

2MASX J130038 observational composite2MASX J13003807+5454367, from left: Chandra X-ray emission in red, Hubble [O III] emission in green, Hubble stellar continuum in blue, and the combined observational composite. The scale bar represents 2 kpc.X-ray: NASA/CXC; optical: NASA/ESA/HST; image processing and composition: Anna Trindade Falcão.
FIRST J120041 observational compositeFIRST J120041.4+314745, from left: Chandra X-ray emission in red, Hubble [O III] emission in green, Hubble stellar continuum in blue, and the combined observational composite. The scale bar represents 2 kpc.X-ray: NASA/CXC; optical: NASA/ESA/HST; image processing and composition: Anna Trindade Falcão.

The interpretation

A wind-driven evolutionary sequence

The four-stage framework moves from a compact, obscured configuration to a post-blowout state with extended X-ray and optical emission. The labeled stages are an interpretive model, not a literal time sequence observed in a single galaxy.

Artist’s illustration: proposed feedback sequenceArtist’s illustration of four proposed quasar-feedback contexts, from a compact, obscured configuration to one with extended outflow structures. The panels present an interpretive framework, not observations of either quasar changing over time.Scientific concept and illustration: Anna Trindade Falcão.
Stage IPre-blowout
Stage IIBlowoutExample target: 2MASX J130038
Stage IIIEarly post-blowoutExample target: FIRST J120041
Stage IVLate post-blowout